He remained at the University to study divinity. Arms, as a last resort, must decide the contest.". Two years after his parole from prison he developed cancer of the lip that spread to his throat. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing the Crown." Only John Hancock signed the declaration that day, and a formal signing by all the delegates was scheduled for August 2nd. This is the same day, just the difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The President's House in Princeton, New Jersey, was his home from 1768 to 1779 and is a U.S. National Historic Landmark. Her health broke during captivity and Mrs. Lewis died shortly after being released in a 1778 prisoner exchange. Nonetheless, he became one of Scotland's leading Presbyterian ministers. There was no place to acquire these items and unfortunately no money to purchase them with if they were to be found. One of Reese ancestors, John Witherspoon, was one of those who signed the Declaration of Independence. The passage of the Stamp Act of 1765 had infuriated many wealthy and influential colonists, and was responsible for beginning the storm that settled over that historic assembly in Philadelphia in July 1776. [1] Witherspoon embraced the concepts of Scottish common sense realism, and while president of the College of New Jersey (1768-1794; now Princeton University) became an influential figure in the development of the . Husband of Elizabeth Witherspoon and Anne Witherspoon Dr. John Witherspoon, President of Princetion University and a signer of the American Declaration of Independence. His library, one of the finest in the colonies, was burned. They traveled to Albany, Saratoga, Ticonderoga, and every facility necessary to implement their mission, aided by General Schuler, who commanded the northern army. He remained at the University to study divinity. Scots Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. Reese father earned his living as a surgeon and her mother was a college professor. John Witherspoon "Give me the cannon," Nelson shouted. Family Court 1st Judicial Circuit, . The historian Douglass Adair writes, "The syllabus of Witherspoon's lectures . From "Witherspoon Family History" by Evelyn Potter Park: John migrated [from Scotland] to Ireland at an early age and from there came to America in 1790. Like Benedict Pictet (1655-1724), Witherspoon held firmly to the tenets of confessional Calvinism. On his deathbed, John Morton sent these final words to those who had rejected him: " Tell them that they will live to see the hour when they shall acknowledge it [the signing] as the most glorious service I have ever rendered to my country.". Entitled 'COMMON SENSE', the 25,000 word tract by Thomas Paine challenged British authority over the Colonies and bluntly stated that "the period of debate is closed. 2009. When John Witherspoon was born on 5 February 1722, in Gifford, Yester, East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, his father, James Alexander Witherspoon III, was 31 and his mother, Anna Walker, was 25. In 1789 he was convening moderator of the First General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1776 until November 1782 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. John Witherspoon. He lost all of his extensive library, writings, and all of his property during the British invasion. They understood quite clearly that they were indeed pledging "to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing allegiance to the Crown.". Morrison, Jeffry H.. John Witherspoons Revolutionary Revolution. In The Founders on God and Government, ed. "My hand trembles," he said as he handed the quill to William Ellery, "but my heart does not." The main building, Nassau Hall, was badly damaged and his papers and personal notes were lost. [John Witherspoon, Lectures on Moral Philosophy (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. John Witherspoon (February 15, 1723 - November 15, 1794) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. In regard to civil magistrates, Witherspoon thus believed moral judgment should be pursued as a science. The main building, Nassau Hall, was badly damaged, and his papers and personal notes were lost. Paintings of Richard Stockton, George Washington and Elias Boudinot hang in Nassau Hall to this day. The petitions suggests replacing the statue with "an informational plaque which details both the positive and negative aspects of Witherspoon's legacy. [1] The day Stockton was captured, General William Howe had written a Proclamation offering protection papers and a full and free pardon to those willing to remain in peaceable obedience to the King. 1898, Page 18Corner, George W. The Autobiography of Benjamin Rush. She later had second thoughts, and a visit from the charming Dr. "The summer soldier and sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country, but he that stands it now deserves the thanks of man and woman. John Witherspoon (17231794) was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation as well as serve at the convention that ratified the U.S. Constitution in New Jersey. John Witherspoon, the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence, was born in Yester, Scotland on 5 Feb 1722 or 1723. ", His remains were conveyed to Nassau Hall, where a large audience of citizens, friends and students of the college were in attendance. John Witherspoon (February 5, 1723 - November 15, 1794) was a Scottish-American Presbyterian minister, educator, farmer, slaveholder, and a Founding Father of the United States. The man chosen to formally declare the reasons for independence was Thomas Jefferson, a 33 year-old lawyer and plantation owner from Virginia. He also served twice in the state legislature. Later that year he was elected to the Continental Congress in time to vote for R. H. Lee's Resolution for Independence. 1972Sanderson, John, Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. He managed to move his family to safety, but was captured and imprisoned by the British. Thus, public morality owed more to the natural moral laws of the Enlightenment than to revealed Christianity. (Image courtesy of the Architect of the Capitol) UCF lecturer David Head barely needs notes to teach the course U.S. History: 1492-1877. Richard Stockton later declared Adams the Atlas of the hour, the man to whom the country is most indebted for the great measure of independency. American independence Witherspoon was a strong supporter of America and American independence. He is one of only six signers to be honored. As of Fall 2022, the petition has garnered over 250 signatures in support of removing the statue on the basis that it is a distraction to the University's mission and makes community members uncomfortable because of Witherspoon's racist history. They knew they were committing high treason against the Crown and that the penalty for doing so was death by hanging. George III. He attended the Haddington Grammar School, and obtained a Master of Arts and Bachelor of Divinity from the University of St. Andrews. In 1768, he left Scotland to travel to New Jersey, to accept a position as President of the College of New Jersey (now known as Princeton University). He suggested, however, that the state might enact a law that all slaves born after its passage should be free at a certain agee.g., 28 years, as in Pennsylvania, although in his optimistic opinion the state of society in America and the progress of the idea of universal liberty gave little reason to believe that there would be any slaves at all in America in 28 years time, and precipitation therefore might do more harm than good. Judge Richard Stockton was the only signer to be put in irons, starved and imprisoned under brutal conditions by the British four months after signing the Declaration of Independence. (14 August 1750 - 1756), James Witherspoon, Major (17 November 1751 - 4 October 1777), Barbara Witherspoon, d.s.p. She became a professor of nursing at Vanderbilt University. But none of the signers ever betrayed his pledged word. Senators, and 49 United States congressmen. John Witherspoon, (born Feb. 15, 1723, [Feb. 5, 1722, old style], Gifford, East Lothian, Scot.died Nov. 15, 1794, Tusculum, N.J., U.S.), Scottish-American Presbyterian minister and president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University); he was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon has claimed descent from Scottish-born John Witherspoon, who signed the United States Declaration of Independence; however, this claim has not been verified by the Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence genealogists. Richard Stockton (1730-1781)Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Wrong username or password. Thomas Heyward returned to find that his wife had died in hardship during his imprisonment. Richard Stocktons home Morven became the New Jersey Governors Mansion from 1954-1981. Born: February 15, 1723. The Witherspoon Institute is a conservative think tank in Princeton, New Jersey. ", Nelson demanded of the gunners. On January 3, 1777, General George Washington was directed by Congress to protest against the shocking and inhuman treatment of the honorable Richard Stockton to General William Howe. Richard was silent during Adams speech and then listened with thoughtful and respectful attention to the arguments that were offered by supporters and opponents of the declaration under consideration. External links:Richard Stockton at the Biographical Directory of the United States CongressBiography by Rev. Documents of the American Revolution. Rev. In 1777, his son was killed at the Battle of Germantown, and later that year, the British burned their home. Some are superior to others in mental powers and intellectual improvementsome by the great increase of their property through their own, or their predecessors industry, and some make it their choice, finding they cannot live otherwise better, to let out their labor to others for hire. "Why do you spare my house? He also served twice in the New Jersey Legislature and strongly supported the adoption of the United States Constitution during the New Jersey ratification debates. On July 1, 1776, Richard Stockton and his good friend Rev. When he had backed away from the table, one delegate whispered, "There go a few millions!". Username and password are case sensitive. In March 1777, only two months after Stocktons release, in a letter to British Parliament General Howe wrote at no time had a leading rebel sought pardon. The book His Sacred Honor comes to Stocktons defense against these revisionist writers using rumors and innuendo to spread this false claim against a founding father. By invitation he spent a week at the country estate of the Marquis of Rockingham and was entertained by the Earl of Chatham, the Earl of Chesterfield and other distinguished members of Parliament friendly to the American Colonies. If not, see our friends at Ancestry DNA. Born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, Witherspoon was well known for his publications in Scotland before he was invited to be president of the College of New Jersey (todays Princeton University), where he succeeded Jonathan Edwards and served from 1768 until 1794. He was captured there November 30, 1776, by loyalists in the dead of night, drug from his bed and marched in freezing weather clad only in a nightshirt and breeches. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration on July 4th, 1776. in New Orleans, Louisiana , United States (46 years), This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: Reese WITHERSPOON (1976), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. Start page | Exhausted, racked by cancer, Rodney set out after dusk and rode all night through the pouring rain and the crashing thunder, stopping only long enough to change horses. At Princeton, he mentored constitutional architect James Madison; as a New Jersey delegate to the Continental Congress, he was the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. That reaction deeply hurt Morton, particularly when he was ignored even after he fell gravely ill early in 1777. In the months that followed, impassioned speeches were delivered from New Hampshire to Georgia, and the political tension became almost unbearable. John and Elizabeth had at least nine children: Dr. Witherspoon was married to his first wife. Thus had the stage been set as Caesar Rodney galloped up Chestnut Street to the State House in Philadelphia on the morning of July 2nd. His son Richard "The Builder" bought 5,500 acres of land from William Penn in Princeton, New Jersey and settled there with his wife Susannah (nee Witham) Robinson. Annis Boudinot Stockton was one of Americas first female published poets. Many of his students, including James Madison, Aaron Burr, Philip Freneau, and John Breckenridge, would play prominent roles in the development of the new nation. Dr. [26] That spring, Phagan took a job with the National Pencil Company, where she earned ten cents an hour operating a knurling machine that inserted rubber erasers into the metal tips of pencils, and worked 55 hours per week. He lived in poverty for years before he was able to restore his property. The wife of William Floyd escaped with her children by boat across Long Island Sound into Connecticut and died in 1781 without ever again seeing her home. Stockton was the first person from New Jersey to sign the Declaration of Independence. Photographic tour of John Witherspoon's grave at Princeton Cemetery. Richard Stocktons eldest son Richard became a New Jersey senator and Stocktons served in Congress for four generations. Her father Elias Boudinot Sr, apprenticed as a silversmith and merchant, then traveled to the West Indies to run a plantation. After nearly five weeks of brutal treatment, Stockton was released on parole, his health ruined. John Witherspoon was born into a ministerial family near Edinburgh on Feb. 5, 1723. : University of Notre Dame Press, 2005. At the age of four, he could read the Bible. Even George Read of Delaware, who had voted against the Declaration on July 2nd, signed it, as did Robert Morris of Pennsylvania, who had stayed away from the session rather than vote no as he was formally instructed to do. 85-86.]. He registered for military service in 1780. Stockton wrote fellow signer Abraham Clark Dear Sir, Before I left Philadelphia Congress appointed a Committee, consisting of one member from each state, to devise ways and means for furnishing the Army with clothing and etc. A member of the five-man drafting committee created immediately after the Lee resolution was introduced, Jefferson had proposed that John Adams of Massachusetts undertake the actual writing of the statement, but Adams declined. John Witherspoon participated in the American Revolution. . He first took a moderate stance in the troubles between the colonies and England. On his return to Princeton, he traveled 30 miles east to the home of a friend, John Covenhoven, to evacuate his family to safety, and away from the path of the British army. Elias Boudinot, brother of Annis, married Stocktons sister Hannah, and was trained as a lawyer by Stockton. SOURCE: Wikipedia, Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stockton_%28Continental_Congre Caesar Rodney was weary when he reached his plantation near Dover on the night of July 1, 1776. Trevor Colbourn (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1974) 181. I'm researching for a member of his family. Coordinates: 40.35238 N, 74.66019 W. As the "Loudest Voice" for Independence, he is . Anna was John's first teacher. 1823, SOURCE: The Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Geni requires JavaScript! Richard gave a short but energetic speech at the close of the debate. Unanimity was essential, so Edward Rutledge of South Carolina moved that a final vote be postponed until the following day. He studied law with David Ogden, of Newark, who was at that time the head of the legal profession in the province. At the urging of Benjamin Rush and Richard Stockton, whom he met in Paisley, Witherspoon finally accepted a second invitation to become president and head professor of the small Presbyterian College of New Jersey in Princeton. He was in private practice as an otolaryngologist until 2012. Their son Richard Stockton became an eminent lawyer and prominent Federalist leader. He was hunted by soldiers and dogs and was forced to hide in the woods and caves of the Sourland Mountains during icy December weather. I call to God to witness that if any British troops are landed in the County of York, of which I am Lieutenant, I will wait no orders, but will summon the militia and drive the invaders into the sea!". The second time his life was preserved was in Ireland. ", Although the Stamp Act was subsequently repealed, it had been followed by the Townshend Acts and the Writs of Assistance in 1767, the Boston Massacre in 1770, increasing interference in colonial governments, the Boston Port Bill in 1774, and other "injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states.". Once he was satisfied, the New Jersey delegates voted for Independence. Richard and his wife Abigail (nee unknown) were the parents of Richard "The Builder" Stockton, the grandfather of Rihcard "The Signer" Stockton. He was awarded a Doctorate of Divinity from the University of St Andrews, Fife. John Witherspoon served with American Founding Fathers during the American Revolution. Boudinot was appointed by General Washington to be commissary general of prisoners in the Revolutionary Army 1776-1779. And so it went through the rest of the states, with George Walton of Georgia the last to affix his name to the historic document that day. On the day of the signing, the British fleet - an armada of dozens of ships with 42,000 sailors and soldiers - was waiting off the coast to crush these patriots and make an example of them. He married Elizabeth Montgomery on 2 September 1748, in Scotland, United Kingdom. He also signed the 1774 Petition to the King. Witherspoon and his wife, Elizabeth Montgomery, had a total of 10 children, only five of whom survived to accompany their parents to America. On March 25, 1777, General Howe and his brother Lord Howe wrote to Lord George Germain (Secretary of State for the Colonies)in England "My Lord, We have the honor to enclose to your Lordship a state of the Declarations subscribed in consequence of our Proclamation of the 30th of November. Stocktons home Morven had been occupied by British General Cornwallis. Stockton's treatment in the New York prison prompted Continental Congress to pass a resolution directing George Washington to inquire into the circumstances and not long afterward, Stockton was paroled on January 13, 1777. Stockton did, however, take an active role as a trustee of the College of New Jersey. Washington had lunch with him, then had his famous Council of War at the nearby Hunt House. "Well," said Jefferson, "if you are decided, I will do as well as I can. He was turned over to the British and jailed in Perth Amboy first, then sent on to prison in New York. There he married Catherine Williams, the daughter of a Welsh planter in Antigua, West Indies. He met with Edmund Burke, the Earl of Chatham, and many other distinguished members of Parliament who were friendly to the American Colonies. Tyranny, like Hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.". Another statue stands near Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C., at the intersection of Connecticut Avenue, N Street and 18th Street. He was attacked one night in Edinburgh by a desperate robber and defended himself skillfully with a small sword. At the age of 45, he became the sixth president of the college, later known as Princeton University. His losses cannot amount to less than five thousand pounds. Stocktons library one of the finest in the colonies was burned and he was forced to accept help from his family and friends to survive. Named after John Witherspoon, one of the signers of the United States Declaration of Independence, the . It was only through a protracted effort on the part of several eminent Americans, including Richard Stockton and Benjamin Rush, that the colonies were able to acquire his service. Witherspoon was a staunch Protestant, nationalist, and supporter of republicanism. John Hart died owing money, and most of his property was sold for a pittance. 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